Issues in South American Countries : Searching for a Solution

Being a citizen of a developing nation-India and a student of philosophy I have been exposed to some of the bitter truth of our society and nation which are quite exceptions for nations like U.S.A and U.K
Through this essay of mine, I will be sharing my views and suggestion as to how to deal with various socio-political and economic issues being common among the countries of Latin American most of which are identical to the problems and issues prevailed in mu country. Let us try to understand each issue one by one. While dealing with these issues we will have a look at problems as well as solutions & counter arguments.

CORRUPTION

Corruption is behavior which deviates from the formal duties of a public role because of private-regarding (personal, close family, private clique) pecuniary or status gains; or violates rules against the exercise of certain types of private-regarding influence. This includes such behavior as bribery (use of a reward to pervert the judgment of a person in a position of trust); nepotism (bestowal of patronage by reason of inscriptive relationship rather than merit); and misappropriation (illegal appropriation of public resources for private-regarding uses)

Released on the 17th of November 2009, corruption statistics for the South American continent taken from Transparency International’s 2009 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) reveals that 6 south American countries are among the top-100 most corrupt nations in the world. this includes Venezuela, Paraguay, Ecuador, Guyana, Argentina etc
Now In developing countries like India the main reason for corruption is poverty and illiteracy. The exploitation of people are at the peak. Alike india in brazil, the voters are paid for voting a particular party, though all this happen unofficially and illegally but this trend has become so common that people generally don’t realize the corruption involved in their work or activities that they are doing. Latin American countries are also facing problems like illiteracy, unemployment, drugs addictions, unstable government, wars among the tribes and local groups etc these all counts for the reason of rise in corruption.
It is true that the problem of corruption is deep rooted and cannot be eliminated-resolved in a day, but continuous and consistent effort in this matter may help us to achieve our goal a little earlier. The best way to solve the problem of corruption is to educate the people. We must remember that education is not just the literacy rate, rather it is the all round.

Development of a citizen from his/her childhood to his/her adulthood through various means of learning. Mass awareness camps, presentations, group interactions and defining the corruption in different terms depending upon the area and people we are dealing with. For instance it is very difficult for a primary or secondary school student to understand those complicated definitions and terms. Must make them understand the drawback of corruption through experiences and examples from their own life- a doctor will understand the definition in medical term more easily and in more better way then teaching him the philosophical definition of corruption. A united and consistent effort is the only solution for corruption. The government need not just to make strict laws but also to ensure that they are implemented al each and every stage. A secret complain redressel system by government may help the people to speak against the corruption. Countries like India follow a three-tier system of government and it has proved successful. Such three tier system can be adopted by latin American countries as this will ensure the decentralization of power and thus minimizing the corruption rate. Better salaries/wedges housing and lodging facilities specially for government employees will ensure that they would have no reason to take bribe for lacking money.

ECONOMY

A report by the FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF ATLANTA reveals that the latin American countries scored 4 % GDP growth rate in 2010. In 2007 the export earning of them increased by 12.3% most of them from higher export price. No doubt latin American countries are continuously marching towards an stable economy and development but we must not ignore the situation that happened in the last few years that had weakened the economy of U.S.A and European countries who are still struggling to overcome those losses in the capital market.
The main reason why countries like china and India were least effected from all these global economic crisis is due to their well established policies some of which have not even amended for the last 2 decades. We must not forget that there are few things which we should avoid to change with change in time in order to maintain the legend and tradition. What these developed countries had done was the complete urbanization and professionalism- economy based on banking and interest without any backup. A system like the one adopted in BANGLADESH (GRAMEEN BANK) is one of the few ways to escape from any unwanted-unexpected economic crisis. Instead of complete privatization government must ensure enough control in each and every field and must keep few important matters away from the corporate world. Government must introduce loans and credits al the minimum possible interest and other conditions irrespective of what are the criteria prescribed by private banks and it should also ensure that benefiter must gets sufficient time and resources to pay it back to the government. He concept of SELF HELP GROUP common in India and sub-continent can also prove beneficial. In order to minimize inflation the government must insure maximum in-country production of goods and services. The more the quantity you produce the lesser will be the price and hence lower will be the inflation.

SOCIO-POLITICAL

This is the most important aspect of every nation. For a country to gain a developed country status from a developing and under developing status, it need to ensure higher degree of socio-political standard. This only aspect of a nation that itself have many more aspects involved in itself each contribution a part and thus playing a role in the overall development of the nation and the world. While dealing with socio-political issues we have not only to ensure the resolving of problem but we also have to ensure that the solution must not hurt the sentiment and feelings of the citizens. Different sections of a society follow different religion and customs. Hence we must adopt different measure for dealing with different section of the society. Here I would like to mention two important cases where in government policies had been widely opposed and criticized. The first case is about china where the government employees are denied to follow any religion. Such laws make no scenes because religion is a private affair and not a public affair and hence it must not be enter faired by the government. The second case is about the Norway where the children are separated from the parents saying that there were not cared properly. We must not forget that no one can provide a better care to the children then their own parents no matter how careless they are. A toy or fooding habit may have some role in the development of a child but it is not everything. Thousand years back, there were no plastic and rubber toys, there were no technology access as we have now , still we regards plato and Aristotle as one of the most wisest person on this earth. Why? There are many demonstrations to prove my argument.
When I was in my school, I did a project to ensure equal distribution of income among all the classes of people specially those who are in government organization or other. In this project I proposed that each and every employee who is earning above a certain wage-level must contribute a certain amount of money every month. This money collected must then be kept in bank on the maximum possible interest rate. The government should also contribute some amount into this saving. This deposited money can then be used at the minimum possible interest rate to those employees and people who requires money. Such needy people should be given sufficient time to pay back the amount credited to them. This continuous collection of fund for such welfare schemes for employees will not only ensure elimination of corruption but will also help in raising the living condition of the people. One more thing that we are suppose to ensure is that children must not be given the same traditional education as it was before. I am not saying that we should completely change the education system, but we must bring changes necessary for welfare of children. At each and every level of education there must be systems to make children morally and psychologically strong, a thing very necessary to become a good citizen.

“Knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind. So do not use compulsion but let elementary education be a sort of amusement”- plato
Countries like brazil e.tc are already suffering from issues like pornography drugs e.tc which are causing heavy loss to the nation both in term of money and human resources. We need to get inspiration from south asian countries where such activities are still at a controlled level. Parents here can play a big role. They can ensure that their child must not get indulged in any such activities. Hence counseling session and workshop at regular intervals for parents specially the mother is must. Parents must also ensure that their own dispute should not affect their child which often led to separation of children from their parents.

CONCLUSION

My essay may appear absurd to most of you since whatever I have discussed so far does not seems to give a clear picture of solutions for the problems faced by countries these days. But what I want to convey from my essay is that just like like all others we too search for the solution and after a long tiring effort give up hope, but this is where we commit the mistake. What we are supposed to do is to do intensive research on the problem itself. Until and unless we understand the problem in its real sense, we cannot hope to find a better solution. Let us join hand and take a step ahead towards a world of love, unity and brotherhood. Hats off to all those who sacrificed their life for ensuring justice and unity among the citizens, to all those who love their nation and to all those who dream a world full of love!

References
1 Nye 202/ John bailey’s presentation on corruption in latin american
2 http://www.frbatlanta.org

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